Vineyard and Winery Equipment

In this course we would like to acquaint students with the variety and sorts of equipment in the vineyard and in the cellar. In the first part, students will learn about the equipment and machinery, used in vineyards, and in the second part about the equipment, used in the cellar and filling line. Students will learn about working of machineries, devices and parts. They learn about setting devices, about the possibilities of combining single apparatus, automatic, and remote control and after
all with the increase of productivity and decrease of production costs. In the same time they learn about the impact of the machines or apparatus on the quality of products. They learn about the standards, security measures for the prevention of accidents at work with agricultural equipment.

They will learn the correct procedure for the preparation and squeezing of grape and the procedures for preservation of must and wine. They will learn about different ways of wine treatment and ripening and about modes for decantation and cleaning. During the practical visits in wine cellar they will see the most modern modes of wine completion and filtration. They will learn of different filling facilities and whole procedure of wine bottling including with sterilisation of bottles, filling, labelling, closing and packaging.

Students will get basic knowledge of whole equipment in cellar and practical experiences during visits of wine cellars.

The course is linked to the following areas:
Fundamentals of Physics in viticulture and winemaking:
Basics of Computer and Information Science
Occupational safety and security regulations
Economics in viticulture and winemaking
Viticulture
Practical training

The characteristics of the equipment used in viticulture and modifications of vineyards for for more effective use of machinery. Tractor as main propulsion and working machine in agricultural production, with an emphasis on vineyard tractors. Equipment for the reconstruction of vineyards (machines for the regulation of land, plows, rippers, instrumentation, machinery and equipment for the installation of jacks). Machines for fertilization (manure to manure spreaders for fertilizers, feed hoppers for fertilizers). Seeding and planting. Machines for the treatment and care of the vineyard. Machines for the application of PPP. Cutting machines. Machines for harvest and grape transport.
Clarification of needs for different equipment in the cellars starting from the reception of grapes and a first analysis, different analytical apparatus for analyzing sugar and other parameters. Followed by a review of devices for destemming, crushing and pressing of grapes with emphasis on various types of filter presses and pressing methods in the past and the present.
Different modes of preservation of musts and wines in the cellar depending on the type of the container including various methods of vinification.
Different types of streaming musts or wines, types of pumps and flows including different tubes and types of connections.
Wine and must clarification and filtration with different types of filters. Getting to know the different kinds of filters according to the mode and the type of filtration. The theory of filtration process and the size and type of particles. Getting to know the important parameters of the filtration process itself. Types of filter additives and filtration methods and types of resources dosing.
Methods bottling and type of filling lines. Differences depending on the type charger (gravitational, overpressure) and the method of sterilization of bottles. Types of jams and ways of closing the bottles. Description of the dry part of the filling line which includes labeling and cartoning of bottles.

EXERCISES
Getting to know a vineyard tractor.
Set up and test your spreaders for fertilizers, calculate the required quantities, determining the schedule of fertilizer.
Set up and test your seed drills, seeders, presadilnikov seedlings calculate the necessary quantities.
Set the sprinkler and spray calculate the required quantities, checking sprinkler and spray.
The static load of the tractor, the calculation of the weights. Measurement and calculation of the performance of the tractor unit. The calculation of the required number of aggregates depending on the time available to carry out the work.
View of machinery in the agricultural fair - excursion (exercises or field work)

Knowledge and understanding

Agricultural machinery in the viticulture; composition, performance, innovation, security measures, legislation
Wine-making equipment from the processing bottling and distiribution: structure, function, innovation, safety measures, legislation

• Holden, N. M., Wolfe, M. L., Ogejo, J. A. & Commins, E. J. (Eds.) (2020) Introduction to Biosystems Engineering. ASABE in association with Virginia Tech Publishing, Blacksburg, Virginia.
• Riccardo Castaldi: Vite. Meccanizzazione del vigneto. Guida alla scelta e all'utilizzo di macchine e attrezzature. (Italian) L'Informatore Agrario (November 28, 2018)
• Cristiano Baldoin: Irroratrici. Scelta, manutenzione ed uso in campo. Edagricole-New Business Media
• Oswald Walg: Taschenbuch der Weinbautechnik. (Deutsch) Taschenbuch – 1. Fachverlag Fraund
• Andreas Fehr, Stefan Fleischlin, Joachim Friese-Tapmeyer, Richard Friske, Herbert Ganzmann, Georg Huber, Achim van Huet, Wolfgang Keil, Rainer Lohuis, Jochen Mann, Malte Petersen, Alois Wimmer: Fachkunde Land- und Baumaschinentechnik. Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel. 848 Seiten
• Paolo Balsari, Attilio Scienza: Forme di allevamento della vite e modalità di distribuzione dei fitofarmaci. L'Informatore Agrario. Catalogue
• Luis Hidalgo Fernández-Cano, Luis Hidalgo, José Hidalgo Togores: Ingeniería y mecanización vitícola. Mundi-Prensa, 2001 707 strani
• Mirko Urošević, Milovan Živković: Mehanizacija voćarsko-vinogradarske proizvodnje : obrada zemljišta, đubrenje, rezidba, navodnjavanje, zaštita, berba / Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, 2009, 380 str. Catalogue
• Brčić, Josip, Maceljski, Milan, Novak, Milan, Berčič, Stane, Ploj, Anton, Barčić, Josip, Mirošević, Nikola: Mehanizacija u voćarstvu i vinogradarstvu. 4.,potpuno obnovljeno izd. Zagreb: Agronomski fakultet, 1995. 268 str., ilustr. ISBN 953-6135-13-2.
• Maines Fernando Meccanizzazione in viticoltura Istituto Agrario S. Michele, 2009

Slides and other teaching materials, prepared by professors.
Slides, MiTeam UNG classrom online.

Written examination of the entire course material (tutorials / lectures = 30/70)

Higher lecturer for the field of Agricultural machinisation at Univerzi v Novi Gorici. References of mag. Tomaž Poja
External coworker, zaposlen na Kmetijskem inštitutu Slovenia.